As automakers transition to creating more connected and software-defined vehicles that can regularly receive over-the-air updates, original equipment manufacturers face the complex challenge of integrating hardware from various suppliers to ensure seamless connectivity.
A software-defined vehicle operating on a top-level operating system still largely relies on “middleware” — a kind of “glue” that connects different hardware components of the car, experts noted during a panel discussion moderated by Mayte Bezerra, lead analyst for software-defined vehicles at Wards Intelligence. The discussion took place at the AutoTech 2025 conference in Michigan this month.
According to a December 2024 Wards Intelligence report, the term “software-defined vehicle” encompasses the broad digital transformation underway in the global automotive industry. It includes advancements in vehicle platforms, such as consolidated electrical and electronic (E/E) architectures, as well as the decoupling of vehicle hardware and software. This transformation also extends to organizational processes, structures, and relationships with tier-one suppliers, who, according to the Wards Intelligence report, play a key role in vehicle development.
However, panel participants noted that due to the vast global network of suppliers providing hardware components to dozens of OEMs, the transition to software-defined vehicles will require higher levels of standardization and closer collaboration with software developers who previously worked mainly with clients outside the automotive industry.
“As more OEMs adopt a software-defined vehicle approach, middleware, which was previously a kind of ‘glue’ connecting various software components and enabling interaction between vehicle systems, is taking on a more important role,” said Brandi Goolsby, director of embedded software business development and sales at Vector North America.
Middleware Helps Manage Growing Complexity
Middleware acts as an intermediary layer connecting various applications, systems, and hardware components of the vehicle, facilitating their interaction and data exchange. According to panelists, this allows automakers to better manage the increasing complexity of software-defined vehicles.